A dogs digestive system is highly reliant on the mouth or oral cavity. As food is chewed, it is broken into tiny particles which can then be digested by enzymes in the stomach and small intestines. Therefore, teeth play a major role in digestion. The front teeth and tongue of a dogs mouth allow him/her to pick up food while the back teeth work to grind the food into smaller pieces.

In total, a dog has 42 teeth. They are comprised of the incisors and canines which are located in the front, and the premolars and molars which are located in the back. Each of these teeth have a part that is visible above the gum line called the crown as well as a part below the gum line called the root. Enamel covers the crown which is the hardest substance in the body. The dentin is below the enamel as well as the pulp which makes up most of the tooths blood vessels and nerves.

The gingiva is the tissue that surrounds the tooth at the gum line and is tightly attached to the jawbone just underneath. The root of a dogs tooth is attached to the jawbone as well. Sometimes, a tooth can have one root or several.

What are the Reasons for Plaque, Tartar and Gingivitis?

Just like us, food, saliva and bacteria remain on the teeth after eating. This is commonly referred to as plaque. While this is perfectly normal, it does need to be removed which can be done easily with brushing. Plaque releases toxins which can inflame the gum line. When this inflammation occurs, it is referred to as Gingivitis.

If plaque is allowed to sit on the teeth for a lengthy period of time, it becomes hardened and referred to as tartar or calculus. Tartar allows for more bacteria and debris to accumulate causing the inflammation to increase. Once this occurs, the gum line begins to recede and the bacteria begins to attack the jawbone. Once there, the tooth will become loose and eventually fall out. Contrary to popular belief, tartar can be seen above the gum line, but can also occur below.

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